Extended marketing mix and customers satisfaction in classified nonstar hotels in meru municipality kenya. Product and brand relationships 401 the product hierarchy 402 product systems and mixes 402 product line analysis 403 product line length 404 marketing insight when less is more 405 product mix pricing 408 cobranding and ingredient branding 409 marketing memo product bundle pricing considerations 410. Arnold schwarzenegger this speech broke the internet and most inspiring speech it changed my life. The initial four elements or 4ps of the marketing mix included. Deficient products are those that offer no immediate satisfaction and have no longterm benefit to consumer welfare. Product marketing in the marketing mix principles of. Summary principles of marketing kotler worldsupporter. It is dense and at sometimes overwhelming, but the mental workout is well worth the effort.
The combination of all these product lines is the product mix. By orchestrating several services and goods, one can create, stage, and market. Apr 16, 2016 likewise, we buy a warm coat to protect us from the cold and the rain. Students learn how to create customer value, target the correct market, and. Kotler 1972 identified four classes of product along two dimensions. Highlevel management committees crossfunctional newproduct departments. Productmix pricing strategies 8 product line pricing takes into account the cost difference between products in the line, customer evaluation of their features, and competitors prices. The marketing mix management paradigm has played an influential role in the development of marketing theory and practice. Basic concepts of marketing simply put, marketing is. Ihave always found it interesting to observe how an apt or colorful term may catch on, gain wide. Before kotler, marketing existed within a silo, the marketing department.
Kotler on marketing is a central compendium of big marketing ideas in my opinion. Many market offerings consist of a variable mix of goods and services. They are also wellknown as the 4 ps of marketing, the marketing mix is very helpful, and is a guideline for understanding the fundamentals of what makes a good. Price is what a customer have to pay to acquire a product. Marketing management 15 global edition philip kotler kevin.
Product mix, also known as product assortment, refers to the total number of product lines that a company offers to its customers. A customer is satisfied only if the actual value is the same or exceeds the perceived value. Its hard to know where to begin, even though this book is only 220 pages long. Students learn how to create customer value, target the correct market, and build customer relationships. Customers will choose a product based on their perceived value of it. Marketing management process marketing mix marketing plan marketing. The statements below are key points of the book as determined by james altfeld and have been made available at no charge to the user. Decisions on all other elements of marketing mix depend on product. Instead, the product marketing function focuses on a single product or product line across the marketing mix. Stp strategy for new product launcha work in progress.
Sep 07, 2018 the more unique the core product engineering, the lesser the players in the market and lesser the competition. Exciting, current real marketing applicationskotler and armstrong are known for telling the stories that reveal the drama of modern marketing, using contemporary examples such as nascar, mtv, mcdonalds, rfid technology, anheuserbusch budnet, lexus, pottery barn, krispy kreme, and more. However, the concept of product is not limited to physical objects anything capable of satisfying a need can be called a product. However, many experienced marketers define the product as having 5 product levels and not 3 product levels one of the reasons that you need to determine the types of product is to analyse where your product is weaker, or where it has more potential. Phil kotler s neurons have cataloged and crossindexed a vast library of marketing theory.
Phil kotlers neurons have cataloged and crossindexed a vast library of marketing theory. Marketing management 15 global edition philip kotler. From products to customers to the human spirit kotler, 2010. Jan 19, 2017 productmix pricing strategies 8 product line pricing takes into account the cost difference between products in the line, customer evaluation of their features, and competitors prices. An organizing customer value framework introduced in the first.
Pleasing products have no longterm benefit to consumer welfare but are immediately. The concept of the marketing mix guillaume nicaise. In this book professor kotler explains how the future of marketing is now firmly ensconced in the. If we talk about restaurants, there are various types of. This enables them to analyse product and customer profitability sales and costs in a structured way. Extended marketing mix and customers satisfaction in. By organising products according to this model, a business sales processes can be aligned.
Borden harvard business school marketing is still an art, and the marketing manager, as head chef, must creatively marshal all his marketing activities to advance the short and long term interests of his firm. Todays marketing challenge is creating vibrant, interactive communities of consumers who make products and brands a part of their daily lives. Philip kotler since he is considered to be the modern father of marketing. A marketing mix that combines various elements was modeled by 20. Marketing mix making your product available to the right customers,at the right place and time. A product is anything that can he offered to a market to satisfy a need or want. For example, a small company may sell multiple lines of products. Learn how to create value and gain loyal customers.
I have aggressively sought to utilize various assessment tools in my curriculum and have been very pleased with the armstrongkotler support and valueadded materials. For this reason philip kotler states that there are five product levels that can be identified and developed. Product mix and product line understanding product. Likewise, we buy a warm coat to protect us from the cold and the rain. Philip kotler has verbalized one method of resolution in his concept of marketing 3. Written by todays bestselling marketing author team, this paperback text has a manageable 16 chapter organization and builds on the unprecedented success of its sixth edition by placing customer value in the drivers seat. The main product this is the minimum characteristics of the product, which requires that the user can receive substantial benefits. Evidence on customer satisfaction in classified nonstar hotels in meru municipality. A marketer can satisfy consumer needs and wants through product. Extended marketing mix and customers satisfaction in classified nonstar hotels in meru municipality kenya gitau paul mucai school of business and public management mt. Therefore, the marketing mix indicates the appropriate combination of four psproduct, price, promotion, and placefor achieving marketing objectives. Kotler, kotler, kotler, kotler, kotler, kotler, kotler.
Theories of marketing management and strategy need to evolve and change to keep pace with changes in the marketplace and in marketing practice goldsmith, 1999. Select multiple pdf files and merge them in seconds. Marketing mix, not branding asian journal of business and. Satisfaction is the degree to which the actual use of a product matches the perceived value at the time of the purchase. As we noted before, the marketing mix is predominately associated with the 4ps of. A product can be a physical product such as a latrine or a service such as pit emptying. Kotler 2000 stated that sales personnel serve as the companys link to its customers and that the salesperson is the company to many of its customers since it is the salesperson who delivers. In one of the previous articles, we discussed different types of products and broke the products in 3 parts. Hence, we adopt the product form as the level of analysis in this paper. The following is a highlighted summary of the book, kotler on marketing, published by free press. Stp strategy for new product launcha work in progress tahsina khan1 1lecturer, department of marketing,american international university bangladesh abstract. In order to shape this abstract value, philip kotler uses five product levels in which a product is located or seen from the perception of the consumer.
Pdf marketing management in other context researchgate. What does product mean in the context of sanitation marketing. A product can also be an idea or a behavior such as cleaning a toilet to learn more, see thepromotion and communication modules. The five product levels model was developed by philip kotler in the 1960s. The second level of the product, the tangible product also called the actual, physical or formal product is the physical product or service offered to consumers. This is where, understanding the other five product types can help you as a marketer, as the other product levels can help you differentiate your product. The difficult part is doing this well, as you need to know every aspect of your business plan. Kotler and armstrong 2009 define marketing strategy as logic by which company units. Pdf marketing mix of 4ps for competitive advantage.
Kotler, who worked with mccarthy at the same university. Five product levels philip kotler marketing training from epm. Kotlerarmstrong is a comprehensive, classic principles text organized around an innovative customervalue framework. By orchestrating several services and goods, one can create, stage, and market experiences. It is about putting the right product or a combination thereof in the place, at the right time, and at the right price. Principles of marketing value, satisfaction, quality customer value difference between value gained by owning and using a product and cost of obtaining the product. Since branding and advertising are assumed to have relevant impact on consumer preferences for products, it is likely that the marketing 3. Thus, the basic job of marketing manager is to sell the core benefits of the product. Kotler armstrong is a comprehensive, classic principles text organized around an innovative customervalue framework.
There is diagram on page 60 of the b324 block 2 course book. The cognitive power of product packaging abhilasha pathak asst. Usually, the word product suggests a physical object, such as a car, a television set or a bar of soap. Armstrong, kotler, kotler, kotler, kotler, kotler, kotler. The expected product includes the following features of the product, which the user expects to get out of it, and this covers the users expectations. According to philip kotler, marketing mix is the mixture of controllable marketing variable that the firm uses to pursue the sought level of sales in the target market figure 3. The four ps are product, price, promotion, and place. Marketing mix was subsequently p opularized by philip. Marketing mix is the set of the marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market kotler, ang, leong and tan, 1999. An introduction, 7e, helps students master modern marketing principles and practices.
Chapter 12 setting product strategy by kotler 39,251 views. A company like hul has numerous product lines like shampoos, detergents, soaps etc. Lets look at a specific example of the product marketing role and a corporate marketing role. Services include airlines, hotels, and maintenance and repair people, as well as professionals such as accountants, lawyers, engineers, and doctors. Jones the term marketing mix is defined as the marketing mix refers to the main elements that ought to be attended to in order to correctly market a product. Kotlers classification of products a learning diary. Highlevel management committees crossfunctional new product departments. Product strategy product is a good tangible or a service intangible that is offered to the customer to meet a requirement or satisfy a need. Product and brand relationships 401 the product hierarchy 402 product systems and mixes 402 product line analysis 403 product line length 404 marketing insight when less is more 405 product mix pricing 408 cobranding and ingredient branding 409 marketing memo productbundle pricing considerations 410. Sometimes, these product lines are fairly similar, such as dish washing liquid and bar soap, which are used for cleaning and use similar technologies.
These 5 product levels indicate the value that consumers attach to a product. However, when philip kotler and gary armstrong 2007 mentioned about the marketing mix, they indicated that it is better to consider the buyers or consumers view, so they advocate 4ccustomer solution, customer cost, convenience and communication, should be thought firstly, then build 4ps on the basis of 4c, in that case, it will be more. Product is one of the important elements of marketing mix. As explained, product mix is a combination of total product lines within a company. Sometimes, these product lines are fairly similar, such as dish washing liquid and bar soap, which are used for cleaning and use. Kotlers five product level model provides businesses with a proven method for structuring their product portfolio to target various customer segments. The 7 ps price, product, place, promotion, physical presence, provision of. Kotlers book, marketing management 15th edition, was voted one of the 50 best business books of all time in the mid1990s by the financial times.
569 96 598 1138 100 1460 874 307 390 961 200 1396 1093 1129 320 832 1224 770 1202 299 154 1456 828 412 914 418 894 1415 362 556